Self - Esteem Research in Black Communities : “ on the Whole , I ’ M Satisfied with Myself ” 1
نویسنده
چکیده
Self-esteem remains a popular research topic especially as it pertains to African American2 communities. Blacks were commonly understood to possess low selfesteem and, as a consequence, to suffer from a host of intra-psychic and interpersonal problems (Banks, 1976; Clark & Clark, 1950; Cross, 1991; Horowitz, 1939; Hoelter, 1982; Lind, 1914; Scott, 1997). More recent findings have documented that Blacks have higher self-esteem than Whites (Adams, 2003; Crocker & Lawrence, 1999; Crocker, Luhtanen, Blaine, & Broadnax, 1994; Harris & Stokes, 1978; Gray-Little & Hafdahl, 2000; Milkie, 1999; Porter & Washington, 1979; Rosenberg & Simmons, 1972; Simmons, 1978; Taylor & Walsh, 1979; Tashakkori, Thompson, Wade, & Valente, 1990; Twenge & Crocker, 2002).
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